Perfusatet

Perfusatet, more commonly spelled perfusate in English, refers to the fluid used to perfuse tissues or organs during ex vivo perfusion or in situ perfusion procedures. The perfusate delivers oxygen and nutrients, removes metabolic wastes, and maintains physiological conditions such as temperature, pH, and osmolarity to support tissue viability during circulation.

Perfusates can be categorized by their composition. Acellular solutions such as electrolyte buffers (for example, Ringer’s or solutions used in organ preservation) are used for cold or static perfusion. Blood-based or oxygen-carrier–based formulations are used when higher oxygen transport is needed, particularly in normothermic machine perfusion. Common organ preservation solutions include University of Wisconsin solution, HTK/Custodiol, Celsior, and Euro-Collins, while blood-containing perfusates are employed for dynamic, oxygen-rich perfusion. Components typically include electrolytes, buffering agents (sodium bicarbonate or similar), energy substrates like glucose, colloids or oncotic agents to maintain vascular integrity, antioxidants, vasodilators, anticoagulants, and sometimes oxygen carriers.

Applications and techniques vary. Perfusates are central to organ transplantation, enabling preservation of liver, kidney, heart, and lungs during transport and evaluation. They are also used in research settings to study tissue viability, pharmacology, or to support tissue-engineering experiments in perfusion bioreactors. Procedures may be hypothermic (low temperature) or normothermic (near body temperature) and can involve static storage or active, controlled machine perfusion with real-time monitoring of flow, pressure, and temperature.

Notes: Perfusatet is not a standard English term; perfusate or perfusion solution are the typical terms. Variants may appear in non-English texts but refer to the same concept.