Pemfigus

Pemphigus is a rare group of autoimmune diseases that cause blisters and sores to form on the skin and mucous membranes, such as the mouth, nose, throat, and genitals. In pemphigus, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks proteins that help skin cells stick together. This leads to the separation of these cells, resulting in the formation of blisters. These blisters are typically soft and rupture easily, leaving painful erosions.

There are several types of pemphigus, with the most common being pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus. Pemphigus vulgaris most often affects the skin and mucous membranes, while pemphigus foliaceus primarily affects the skin. The exact cause of pemphigus is not fully understood, but genetic factors and certain environmental triggers may play a role. It is not contagious.

Diagnosis usually involves a skin biopsy to examine the cells under a microscope and blood tests to detect specific antibodies. Treatment aims to reduce inflammation, control blister formation, and prevent infection. Corticosteroids are a cornerstone of treatment, often combined with immunosuppressant drugs. Other therapies may include intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or rituximab. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to manage the condition and improve the quality of life for affected individuals.