Pelvoplexus

Pelvoplexus is not a standard term in contemporary human anatomy. In most medical texts the network of nerves in the pelvic region is described as the pelvic plexus, often specifically the inferior hypogastric plexus. When pelvoplexus is encountered, it is usually as a nonstandard synonym or a misnomer for this autonomic nerve network.

Anatomy and composition: The pelvic or inferior hypogastric plexus lies in the pelvic retroperitoneum on each side of the rectum. It is formed by the integration of the hypogastric nerves with pelvic splanchnic nerves (parasympathetic fibers from S2–S4) and carries a mix of sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers. From the plexus, smaller plexuses and nerves extend to pelvic organs, including the bladder, urethra, rectum, uterus or prostate, and adjacent structures. Visceral afferent fibers convey pain and reflex information from pelvic viscera.

Function: The pelvic autonomic plexus regulates autonomic control of pelvic organ function, influencing bladder and bowel motility, vascular tone, and sexual functions. It coordinates with higher autonomic centers to modulate defecation, micturition, and reproductive processes.

Clinical significance: Injury or disease affecting the pelvic autonomic plexus can contribute to urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction, and bowel disorders. It is a consideration during pelvic surgeries (such as prostatectomy or gynecologic procedures) due to the risk of collateral nerve injury.

Terminology and history: The term pelvoplexus is rare and not widely used in modern anatomy; standard terminology favors pelvic or inferior hypogastric plexus. Etymology reflects a combination of pelvic localization and the concept of a neural plexus.