Peilstationen

Peilstationen, singular Peilstation, is a German term used to refer to fixed installations that serve as reference points for measuring position, direction, or level. The word derives from peilen, meaning to take a bearing or a level reading. Because it is used in multiple technical contexts, the exact function of a Peilstation depends on the field.

In geodesy and surveying, Peilstationen are reference points within a network used for triangulation, leveling and coordinate determination. They provide known coordinates and elevations that allow surveyors to calculate positions over large areas and to ensure consistency of maps and geospatial data. Instruments at these stations may include theodolites, levels, GNSS receivers, and sensors for environmental conditions.

In navigation, the term has historically described stations or beacons used to determine direction or position. By measuring signals or bearings to a Peilstation, a vessel or aircraft could fix its location relative to the station. This use is common in early radio navigation and in systems that rely on fixed reference points for orientation.

In hydrography and meteorology, a Peilstation can refer to a tide gauge or a level station that continuously measures sea level or other liquid surfaces relative to a fixed reference. Such data are essential for flood risk assessment, navigation safety, and climate studies.

Today the concept of Peilstationen is domain-specific rather than a single standardized system. The term remains in use in German-language technical literature to denote reference or monitoring stations that provide essential measurements for positioning, navigation, or level reference across various disciplines.