Pedaldriven

Pedaldriven, or pedal-driven, refers to devices powered by human pedaling where the rider's leg motion on a crank converts metabolic energy into mechanical work. The resulting rotary motion is typically transmitted via a chain, belt, or direct gearing to perform work such as propelling wheels, driving a generator, or powering a propulsion system.

Common examples are bicycles and other pedal-powered vehicles, stationary exercise bikes and ergometers, and pedal-powered energy generators. Pedal-driven ships and boats exist in experimental contexts, using a crank connecting to a propeller or water rotor. Some portable or small-scale power sources use pedals to charge batteries or supply AC power.

Mechanics and design: Pedal-driven systems rely on cranksets with specified pedal length, a drivetrain that matches desired speed and torque, and a reliable transmission to the load. In tandem setups, multiple riders can contribute power. Efficiency is affected by human energy output, cadence, and drivetrain losses from bearings, chains, and gear interfaces. Typical sustained power from an average cyclist ranges around 100-200 watts, with higher peaks possible for short durations.

Advantages include quiet operation, no emissions, health benefits, and potential for off-grid energy; limitations include required effort, limited range and speed compared to motorized systems, and the need for regular maintenance.