Patomorfological

Patomorfological refers to the study of pathological changes in tissues and cells. It is a branch of pathology that focuses on the structural and morphological alterations that occur in biological matter as a result of disease. This field is crucial for diagnosing diseases, understanding their progression, and developing effective treatments.

Patomorfological examination typically involves microscopic analysis of tissue samples, known as biopsies, or cellular material collected through methods like a Pap smear. Pathologists observe changes in cell size and shape, nuclear characteristics, tissue architecture, and the presence of abnormal substances or organisms. These observations are then correlated with clinical information to arrive at a diagnosis.

The techniques used in patomorfology are diverse. Histopathology, the study of microscopic changes in diseased tissues, is a cornerstone. Cytopathology, the examination of individual cells or small clusters of cells, is also widely employed. Advanced techniques like immunohistochemistry and molecular pathology further enhance the diagnostic capabilities by identifying specific proteins or genetic alterations within the cells or tissues.

The insights gained from patomorfological investigations are vital for numerous medical disciplines, including oncology, infectious disease, and immunology. By meticulously examining the physical manifestations of disease at the cellular and tissue level, patomorfology provides a fundamental understanding of how diseases impact the body and guides clinical decision-making.