Patologías

Patologías refers to the study and identification of diseases and their causes. It is a branch of medicine concerned with the structural and functional changes that are caused by disease. These changes can be observed at various levels, from molecular and cellular to tissue and organ. The ultimate goal of pathology is to understand the nature of disease, leading to better diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Pathology is often described as the bridge between basic science and clinical practice. Pathologists examine tissues, cells, and bodily fluids to identify abnormalities that indicate the presence of disease. This examination can involve macroscopic observation of gross specimens or microscopic analysis of cellular structures. Various diagnostic techniques are employed, including histology, cytology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular diagnostics.

The causes of pathologies can be diverse, encompassing genetic factors, infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites), environmental exposures, autoimmune responses, and physiological dysfunctions. Understanding these underlying causes is crucial for developing targeted therapies and prognostic assessments. By studying the effects of disease on the body, pathology plays a vital role in improving patient outcomes and advancing medical knowledge. It is a fundamental discipline that underpins virtually all areas of healthcare.