Patogén

Patogén is a term derived from the Greek words "pathos" meaning suffering and "gennan" meaning to beget. It refers to a biological agent that can cause disease or illness in its host. These agents are typically microscopic and include a range of entities such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Parasites, which are larger organisms that live on or in another organism causing harm, can also be considered pathogenic in a broader sense.

The mechanism by which a patogén causes disease is often referred to as pathogenesis. This involves the interaction between the patogén and the host's immune system. Some patógenos invade host cells, while others produce toxins that damage host tissues. The severity of the disease depends on factors such as the virulence of the patogén, the dose of exposure, and the susceptibility of the host, which is influenced by their immune status and overall health.

Transmission of patógenos can occur through various routes, including direct contact with an infected individual, contact with contaminated surfaces or objects (fomites), ingestion of contaminated food or water, inhalation of airborne droplets, or through vectors like insects. Understanding these modes of transmission is crucial for developing strategies to prevent and control the spread of infectious diseases. Public health measures such as vaccination, sanitation, and hygiene practices are designed to disrupt the transmission cycles of patógenos and protect populations.