Patchoulol

Patchoulol is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene alcohol with the molecular formula C15H26O. It is one of the principal constituents of patchouli oil, extracted from the leaves of Pogostemon cablin, and it contributes to the oil’s characteristic earthy, woody, and sweet aroma. In perfumery, patchoulol is valued for its long-lasting scent and fixative properties.

Patchoulol occurs predominantly in patchouli oil, though small amounts are found in other essential oils. The biosynthesis of patchoulol in plants begins with farnesyl pyrophosphate and proceeds via patchoulol synthase. Commercial supply is obtained mainly by steam distillation of patchouli leaves, but patchoulol can also be produced by chemical synthesis or by engineered microorganisms such as yeast capable of terpenoid production.

Applications include use as a fragrance ingredient in perfumes, cosmetics, and some flavoring contexts. In addition to odor, some laboratory studies indicate patchoulol may have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, but there is limited evidence of therapeutic benefits in humans. Its role in products is primarily odor-related rather than pharmacological.

Safety and regulation: When used in typical fragrance concentrations, patchoulol and patchouli oil are regarded as safe for consumer products, though concentrated essential oils can irritate skin or provoke sensitization in susceptible individuals. Regulatory status varies by jurisdiction, with fragrance labeling and safety assessments applying to essential oil components in cosmetics. Consumers should use products according to directions and be aware of potential sensitivities.