PaschenBack
The Paschen-Back effect is the regime of atomic energy level splitting in a strong external magnetic field in which the coupling between the electron's orbital angular momentum L and its spin S is broken by the magnetic interaction, so that L and S precess independently. This decoupling changes the Zeeman splitting pattern from the anomalous Zeeman effect seen in weak fields to a linear pattern determined by the separate magnetic quantum numbers m_l and m_s.
In atoms with fine structure, the Zeeman effect in weak fields is described using LS coupling and
The effect is named after Friedrich Paschen and Walther Back, who studied hydrogen spectra in strong magnetic
There is a gradual transition from the LS-coupled regime to the Paschen-Back regime; the intermediate region
Applications include laboratory spectroscopy in strong magnetic fields and astrophysical plasmas, as well as magnetic field
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