Parathyroïdklieren

Parathyroïdklieren, also known as parathyroid glands, are small endocrine glands located in the neck, usually four in number, situated posterior to the thyroid gland. Despite their proximity to the thyroid, they are distinct organs with a different embryological origin and function. Their primary role is to regulate calcium and phosphate levels in the body.

These glands produce and secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH acts on bones, kidneys, and the small intestine to increase blood calcium levels. In the bones, PTH stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone tissue, releasing calcium into the bloodstream. In the kidneys, PTH increases calcium reabsorption, preventing its loss in urine, and also promotes the production of calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D. Calcitriol, in turn, enhances calcium absorption from the diet in the small intestine.

Imbalances in parathyroid gland function can lead to significant health issues. Hyperparathyroidism, where the glands produce too much PTH, results in hypercalcemia (high blood calcium), which can cause symptoms like bone pain, kidney stones, fatigue, and cognitive problems. Hypoparathyroidism, conversely, occurs when the glands produce insufficient PTH, leading to hypocalcemia (low blood calcium). This can manifest as muscle cramps, spasms, tingling sensations, and in severe cases, seizures or cardiac arrhythmias. The proper functioning of parathyroïdklieren is therefore crucial for maintaining mineral homeostasis and overall health.