Parampara

Parampara is a Sanskrit term that denotes a traditional lineage or succession through which knowledge, practices, and authority are transmitted from one generation to the next. It encapsulates the idea of a living chain of instruction, typically linking a guru with disciples who become carriers of the teachings.

In practice, parampara emphasizes fidelity to core teachings and the authority of a recognized lineage. Transmission is often oral and demonstrative, with initiation or diksha marking a formal entry into the lineage. Over time, teachers may codify material in texts or commentaries, but the emphasis remains on a continuing chain of transmission that preserves the method and spirit of the tradition.

Parampara operates across many domains in Indian culture and related traditions. It is central to spiritual and philosophical lineages in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, as well as to the transmission of ritual sciences, Ayurveda, yoga, and the performing arts. In the arts, the concept is visible in teacher–student networks and stylistic lineages or gharanas within Indian classical music and dance, where lineage defines lineage-based repertoires and interpretive approaches.

In modern contexts, parampara is sometimes contrasted with formal institutional teaching, leading to discussions about balance between preserving authenticity and allowing innovation. While the specifics of each lineage vary, the core idea remains a living tradition of knowledge handed down through successive generations, sustaining continuity while adapting to changing circumstances.