Paragraphing

Paragraphing refers to the division of written text into paragraphs, each typically presenting a single sense unit or idea. Paragraphs organize information, guide reader attention, and establish the rhythm of prose. They help distinguish claims, descriptions, and arguments.

A functional paragraph usually centers on one main idea, introduced by a topic sentence, followed by supporting details, examples, or evidence, and often closed with a transition. Unity is maintained when all sentences relate to the main idea, and coherence is achieved through logical ordering and linking words.

Visual presentation matters: traditional typography uses an indentation at the start of a paragraph or a blank line between paragraphs. In many digital formats, block paragraphs are separated by a line break or extra spacing. Paragraph length should be varied to create rhythm; excessively long paragraphs strain readers, while very short ones may fragment thought. Consistent formatting aids legibility.

Different genres employ different paragraphing styles. Narrative writing uses sequence and scene breaks; expository and analytical writing emphasizes clarity and evidence; argumentative writing relies on a clear progression of claims. Paragraphing conventions also vary across languages and writing systems, including different rules for indentation, spacing, and directionality.