Pangram

A pangram is a sentence or expression that includes every letter of a given alphabet at least once. The word comes from the Greek pan- meaning "all" and gramma meaning "letter." In English, pangrams are often created to test fonts, check typing equipment, or serve as typing exercises.

The best-known English pangram is "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog," which uses all 26 letters. Another frequently cited example is "Cwm fjord bank glyphs vext quiz," noted for being a perfect pangram that uses each letter exactly once.

Variants include the perfect pangram, where every letter appears precisely one time, and non-perfect pangrams, where some letters may occur more than once. Pangrams exist in many languages and alphabets, and the length and feasibility of a pangram depend on the size and composition of the alphabet. They are often constructed to maximize letter coverage with minimal length, rather than to convey meaningful content.

Uses of pangrams include typography and graphic design, font testing, keyboard and typing-tutor applications, and linguistic or recreational puzzles. They also serve as benchmarks for character sets and can be used to compare alphabets across languages. Pangrams contrast with lipograms, which deliberately omit one or more letters from the text.