Palontutkimus

Palontutkimus, the Finnish term for fire investigation, is a systematic process aimed at determining the origin and cause of a fire. This discipline combines scientific principles with practical investigative techniques to gather evidence, analyze its significance, and formulate conclusions about how and why a fire started. The ultimate goal of palontutkimus is to identify the ignition source, the first fuel ignited, and any contributing factors that led to the fire's development and spread.

The process typically begins at the fire scene, where trained investigators meticulously document the aftermath. This involves photography, sketching, and detailed notes to record the fire's effects on the structure and its contents. Investigators look for patterns of burning, such as V-patterns that can indicate the direction of fire spread, and charring depths that suggest the duration and intensity of the fire. They also collect physical evidence, which may include debris samples, accelerants, or damaged electrical components.

Laboratory analysis plays a crucial role in palontutkimus. Samples collected from the scene are sent for testing to identify the presence of flammable liquids or other ignitable substances that may not be visible to the naked eye. Electrical systems are examined for faults or malfunctions that could have served as an ignition source. The investigators also consider human factors, interviewing witnesses and examining any potential human involvement in the fire's origin, whether accidental or intentional.

The findings from the scene investigation and laboratory analysis are then synthesized to reconstruct the events leading up to the fire. This comprehensive approach allows investigators to determine with a high degree of certainty the most probable origin and cause, which is vital for insurance purposes, legal proceedings, and for implementing measures to prevent future fires.