Pajzstetvék

Pajzstetvek, also known as scale insects, are a superfamily of Hemiptera insects comprising the superfamily Coccoidea. They are small, immobile or slow-moving insects that feed on plant sap. Pajzstetvek are characterized by a protective waxy covering, which varies greatly in appearance depending on the species. This covering can resemble scales, shields, or even cottony masses, and serves as protection from predators and environmental conditions.

These insects are found worldwide, inhabiting a wide range of plant species, including trees, shrubs, and houseplants. Their feeding on plant sap can cause significant damage to host plants, leading to weakened growth, yellowing leaves, and in severe cases, plant death. Pajzstetvek can also excrete a sticky substance called honeydew, which can promote the growth of sooty mold, further impairing the plant's health.

There are thousands of species of pajzstetvek, exhibiting diverse life cycles and feeding habits. Some species are monophagous, feeding on a single plant species, while others are polyphagous, feeding on multiple plant species. Reproduction methods also vary, with some species reproducing sexually and others asexually. Their economic impact is significant, as many species are considered agricultural pests, affecting crops such as citrus fruits, olives, and grapes. Control methods include biological controls, horticultural oils, and chemical insecticides, though the effectiveness can be challenging due to their protective covering.