PWMsäätöjen

PWMsäätö, or Pulse Width Modulation control, is a technique used to control the average value of voltage supplied to an electrical device by switching the voltage on and off rapidly. The "width" of the pulse, meaning the duration for which the voltage is on within a fixed period, is varied to regulate the output. This variation in pulse width effectively changes the average voltage or current delivered to the load.

The core principle involves a high-frequency switching element, such as a transistor, that is turned on and off at a constant frequency. By adjusting the duty cycle, which is the ratio of the "on" time to the total period, the control system can modulate the power delivered. For example, a 50% duty cycle means the voltage is on for half the time and off for the other half, resulting in an average voltage of half the supply voltage. Increasing the duty cycle increases the average voltage, and decreasing it decreases the average voltage.

PWMsäätö is widely employed in various applications due to its efficiency and simplicity. It is commonly found in motor speed control, where it allows for smooth and precise regulation of motor output. Other uses include dimming LED lights, controlling the position of servo motors, and in power supplies for regulating voltage. The rapid switching minimizes power loss compared to analog methods like rheostats, making it an energy-efficient solution. The effectiveness of PWMsäätö relies on the load's ability to average out the rapid pulses, often achieved through filtering components like capacitors and inductors.