PRDX6

Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), also known as PRX6 or 1-Cys peroxiredoxin, is a member of the peroxiredoxin family of antioxidant enzymes. Unlike other peroxiredoxins that typically possess two conserved cysteine residues, PRDX6 contains only one catalytic cysteine (Cys47) and is therefore classified as a 1‑cys peroxiredoxin. It is encoded by the PRDX6 gene located on chromosome 7q22 in humans. The protein is a 25‑kDa dimer that localizes to both the cytosol and the endoplasmic reticulum, and it is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues.

PRDX6 catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, phospholipid hydroperoxides, and alkyl hydroperoxides, thereby protecting cells against oxidative damage. In addition to its peroxidase activity, PRDX6 has phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity, allowing it to participate in membrane phospholipid metabolism and signal transduction. This dual functionality contributes to its roles in surfactant synthesis, metabolic regulation, and inflammatory responses. PRDX6 deficiency in mice leads to increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, impaired lung surfactant homeostasis, and reduced resistance to ischemia‑reperfusion injury. In humans, polymorphisms in PRDX6 have been associated with neurodegenerative disorders, stroke risk, and certain cancers. Studies also suggest that PRDX6 can modulate NF‑κB signaling and apoptosis pathways. Ongoing research investigates PRDX6 as a potential therapeutic target for conditions involving oxidative stress and inflammation.