PMR446

PMR446 stands for Private Mobile Radio at 446 MHz and refers to a license-free two-way radio service used across Europe and the United Kingdom. It is designed for short-range communications by individuals and small businesses, using consumer-grade handheld or compact mobile radios. The allocation is limited to a fixed band and emission limits to minimize interference with licensed services.

The PMR446 channel plan comprises 16 channels spaced at 12.5 kHz within the 446.0 to 446.2 MHz band. Typical operating frequencies range from 446.00625 to 446.19375 MHz. Transmissions are established as narrowband FM audio, suitable for voice communications. Many radios also offer features such as CTCSS or DCS sub-audible signaling to reduce interference by requiring matching tone codes for reception.

Power and operation rules are set to keep transmissions short-range and non-intrusive. The maximum effective radiated power is generally limited to 0.5 watts (ERP). Equipment is intended for user convenience and affordability rather than professional or critical communications; use must comply with regional regulations, and devices usually require type approval and adherence to emission masks.

Enforcement varies by country, but PMR446 is widely considered a consumer or small-business service with no license required for standard operation, provided users do not exceed power limits and operate within the allocated band. It is not intended for encrypted communications, rapid frequency hopping, or high-security applications. PMR446 remains popular for hobbyist use, event coordination, and casual business tasks due to its simplicity and cost.