PLATdomaincontaining

PLAT domain-containing refers to a broad family of proteins that harbor the PLAT domain, a lipid-binding fold named after Polycystin-1, Lipoxygenase, and Alpha-toxin. The domain is typically about 100–120 amino acids in length and forms a conserved beta-sandwich structure that can interact with lipid membranes. PLAT domains appear in a wide range of proteins, either as a solitary module or appended to other catalytic or regulatory regions, and they are found from bacteria to humans.

Function and localization: The primary role of the PLAT domain is to mediate association with lipid membranes and lipid surfaces. This facilitates recruitment of the parent protein to membranes, participates in lipid binding and possibly lipid signaling, and can influence the localization and activity of attached domains. In some proteins, the PLAT domain helps position enzymes near their lipid substrates or membranes, while in others it may contribute to protein–protein interactions.

Distribution and diversity: Across species, PLAT domain-containing proteins form a diverse set that includes extracellular, secreted, and peripheral membrane proteins. In vertebrates, several PLAT-domain containing genes exist (for example, members of the PLATDC family), illustrating the evolutionary expansion of this module beyond a single enzyme class.

Clinical and research notes: Because of its membrane-binding properties, the PLAT domain is of interest in studies of lipid metabolism, vesicle trafficking, and membrane-associated signaling. Ongoing research seeks to clarify the specific partners and regulatory roles of individual PLAT-domain proteins in different tissues and organisms.