PEMfuel

PEMfuel is a term used to describe proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology, in which a solid polymer electrolyte conducts protons between the anode and cathode. In a PEM fuel cell, hydrogen is supplied to the anode and air to the cathode. At the anode, catalysts split hydrogen into protons and electrons; the protons move through the membrane to the cathode while the electrons travel through an external circuit, generating electricity. At the cathode, protons, electrons, and oxygen form water and heat.

Materials include a proton-conducting membrane (commonly Nafion or other perfluorosulfonic acid polymers), carbon-based gas diffusion layers, and platinum-based catalysts. The membrane acts as the electrolyte and as a barrier to fuel crossover. PEM fuel cells typically operate at 60–80°C, enabling quick start-up but requiring clean hydrogen to protect catalysts and membranes.

PEMfuel systems offer high power density and low emissions. Electrical efficiencies generally range from 40% to 60%, with potential efficiency gains if waste heat is recovered in a combined heat and power arrangement. They rely on a steady hydrogen supply and, for many applications, a hydrogen infrastructure or onboard fuel processing to convert other fuels into hydrogen.

Applications include transportation (fuel cell electric vehicles), stationary power generation, backup power, and portable devices. Key research aims to reduce material costs, increase durability, improve water and thermal management, and lower system complexity.

See also: Proton exchange membrane, Fuel cell, Hydrogen economy.