PCIeühendus

PCIeühendus, officially known as PCI Express, is a high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard. It replaced the older parallel PCI bus and offers significantly higher bandwidth and performance. PCIe is used to connect various components within a computer, including graphics cards, solid-state drives, network cards, and sound cards, to the motherboard.

The standard is organized into "lanes," where a single lane, denoted as x1, provides a certain amount of bandwidth. Multiple lanes can be aggregated to form a wider connection, such as x4, x8, or x16, each offering progressively more bandwidth. The physical connector on the motherboard can be of different sizes, corresponding to the number of lanes it supports, but a smaller connector can be used in a larger slot, although it will operate at the speed of the smaller connector.

PCIe has undergone several generations of upgrades, with each generation doubling the bandwidth per lane compared to its predecessor. For example, PCIe 3.0 offers approximately 1 GB/s per lane, while PCIe 4.0 doubles this to about 2 GB/s per lane, and PCIe 5.0 further increases it to approximately 4 GB/s per lane. Newer generations are backward compatible, meaning a PCIe 4.0 device can work in a PCIe 5.0 slot, but it will operate at PCIe 4.0 speeds. This continuous evolution ensures that PCIe remains a crucial interface for modern computing performance.