Püsivaid

Püsivaid is an Estonian grammatical form of the adjective püsiv, meaning permanent, lasting or persistent. It is the partitive plural form used to describe multiple nouns in the partitive case. This form appears in formal and analytical language when talking about enduring characteristics, properties or concepts.

In practice, püsivaid is commonly found with nouns such as omadusi (features), väärtusi (values) and põhimõtteid (principles). For example, püsivaid omadusi translates roughly as “permanent features,” and püsivaid väärtusi as “lasting values.” The use of the partitive plural here communicates indefiniteness or a generalized sense, rather than an exhaustively enumerated set of items; it often marks a broader category rather than a concrete count.

Grammatically, püsivaid is one of several inflected forms derived from the same adjective to match the noun’s case and number. It contrasts with nominative forms like püsivad omadused, which would reference a definite, fully enumerated set of features. As a result, püsivaid is typically found in descriptive, analytical, or theoretical contexts where ongoing or enduring qualities are being discussed in a general sense.

Etymologically, püsiv comes from Estonian roots meaning to endure or persist, and püsivaid reflects standard Estonian adjective inflection for the partitive plural. The form is a common tool in formal Estonian prose to articulate persistent attributes across a range of subjects.