Pöördpiesoelektriline

Pöördpiesoelektriline refers to a phenomenon in certain materials where a mechanical strain induces an electric polarization, and conversely, an electric field causes a mechanical deformation. This effect is a manifestation of the piezoelectric effect, but specifically highlights the reciprocal relationship between mechanical and electrical properties. When a piezoelectric material is subjected to stress, its internal electric dipoles align, leading to a net electric charge on its surfaces. This is the direct piezoelectric effect. The converse piezoelectric effect occurs when an external electric field is applied to the material. This field exerts forces on the charged ions within the crystal lattice, causing a change in the material's dimensions.

Materials exhibiting this property are often crystalline, lacking a center of symmetry. Common examples include quartz, Rochelle salt, and various ceramics like lead zirconate titanate (PZT). The magnitude of the effect depends on the material's composition and crystal structure. Pöördpiesoelektriline devices are widely used in numerous applications. In sensors, they convert physical quantities like pressure, acceleration, and vibration into electrical signals. Examples include microphones, accelerometers, and pressure sensors. In actuators, the converse effect is utilized to create precise movements. This is seen in inkjet printers, ultrasonic transducers, and micro-positioning systems. The inherent ability of these materials to interconvert mechanical and electrical energy makes them essential components in modern technology.