Overvisitation

Overvisitation refers to a situation where a site receives more visitors than it can sustainably accommodate, leading to environmental degradation, damage to cultural resources, and a diminished visitor experience. It is commonly discussed in relation to natural parks, historic districts, and pilgrimage sites, as well as crowded urban attractions. The concept blends ideas of carrying capacity, crowding, and resource management.

Causes include rising popularity—often amplified by media and social networks—seasonal peaks, limited or outdated infrastructure, and insufficient demand-management tools. Indicators include high visitor density, crowding, long wait times, litter, soil compaction, wildlife disturbance, and strain on facilities.

Impacts can be environmental (erosion, vegetation loss, habitat disruption), social and cultural (resource wear, degradation of historic fabric), and economic (costs of maintenance, increased policing). Safety risks may rise due to overcrowding. Some sites respond with management measures such as capacity studies, timed entry or permit systems, price signals, infrastructure upgrades, improved transit, visitor education, and monitoring.

Policy debates center on balancing conservation with access and economic benefits, addressing equity in access, and ensuring local communities benefit. Notable responses include reservation systems for popular destinations, zoning to protect sensitive areas, and partnerships with stakeholders.