Oversættelse

Oversættelse is the process of transferring meaning from a source language to a target language. It involves rendering not only words but also idioms, cultural references and stylistic nuances. Translation differs from interpretation, which is oral or sign-language conversion; oversættelse refers primarily to written translation. The practice aims to produce a text in the target language that conveys the sense, tone and function of the original as faithfully and readably as possible.

Types of oversættelse include literary, technical, legal and medical translation, as well as audiovisual translation such as subtitling and dubbing, and localization of software and websites. Translators must decide how literal to be and how to adapt expressions, register, and cultural references for the target audience. Challenges arise from cultural differences, terminology, word play, and the need to preserve authorial voice or regulatory compliance.

The study of translation has a long history, with debates about linguistic equivalence and fidelity versus readability. Classic concepts include dynamic versus formal equivalence; later theories such as skopos emphasize the function of the translation in its specific context. Translators balance fidelity to the source with naturalness in the target language and may work with editors and subject-matter experts to ensure accuracy.

In modern practice, translation is aided by technology, including computer-assisted translation tools and machine translation, often followed by human post-editing. Professional standards and quality assurance systems, such as ISO 17100, guide processes and qualifications. Ethical considerations include confidentiality, rights to the source text, and respect for cultural nuance and intellectual property.