Ostrich

The ostrich (Struthio camelus) is the largest living bird, native to Africa. It is flightless and adapted for fast running, reaching speeds of up to 60-70 km/h. The species name is Struthio camelus; there are several subspecies distributed across sub-Saharan Africa. It is farmed for meat, leather, and eggs.

Adults stand 2 to 2.7 meters tall and can weigh up to 150 kilograms. They have a long bare neck, large eyes with long eyelashes, and two-toed feet with a strong leg. Males typically have black plumage with white wing and tail feathers, while females are brownish-gray. Juveniles resemble muted females.

They inhabit savannas, dry woodlands, and open plains. They avoid dense forests and deserts but are well adapted to semi-arid regions. They feed mainly on plant matter but also consume seeds, insects, and small animals, and they can go without water for long periods, obtaining moisture from their food.

Behaviorally, ostriches are social birds that often occur in loose groups. Breeding involves a dominant male and several females sharing a ground nest. The eggs are large and pale green; incubation is carried out by both sexes at different times. Chicks mature quickly and become capable of extended running within days.

The IUCN lists the ostrich as Least Concern due to a large range and population, though local threats include habitat loss and hunting. Domestic ostrich farming supports meat, leather, and eggs and has established populations outside Africa.