Ortoosi

An orthosis, or orthoses (plural), is a medical device applied externally to the body to support, align, immobilize, or assist a limb or other region. In Finnish, the term is ortoosi. They are designed to improve function, reduce pain, and prevent deformity, and are used after injuries, in chronic conditions, and following surgery. Orthoses differ from prostheses, which replace a missing body part.

Common categories include spinal orthoses (for example cervical collars and thoracolumbar braces), upper-limb devices (wrist‑hand, elbow, and finger supports), and lower-limb devices (ankle–foot and knee–ankle–foot orthoses). Foot orthoses (insoles) alter foot mechanics. Orthoses may be custom-made or off-the-shelf, and can range from simple supports to highly articulated systems.

Prescribed by clinicians such as physiatrists, orthotists, or physical therapists, orthoses are fabricated by an orthotist or related professional. The process typically involves evaluation, measurements, and either a cast or 3D scan, followed by material selection and manufacture. Materials include plastics, lightweight metals, composites, and textiles; fittings may include hinges, straps, and padding. Proper alignment and skin protection are essential during fitting.

Indications include stabilization after injury or surgery, correction or prevention of deformities, and management of chronic conditions such as scoliosis or arthritis. They are widely used in pediatric care to guide growth, and in diabetic or neuropathic conditions to protect vulnerable limbs.

Care and use require adherence to clinician guidance. Regular checks for fit and skin health are important; keep the device clean and dry; avoid activities that may damage it, and seek adjustments as needed. Risks include skin irritation, pressure points, and misalignment if not fitted properly.

Orthoses are medical devices requiring professional fitting and, in many places, prescription. Reimbursement varies by diagnosis, device type, and health system.