Organotellurium

Organotellurium compounds are organometallic species that contain carbon–tellurium bonds. They encompass diaryl and dialkyl tellurides (R–Te–R'), telluroethers (R–Te–R'), tellurium-containing heterocycles, and higher-oxidation-state derivatives such as telluryl compounds. Tellurium is the heaviest stable chalcogen and is highly polarizable, which influences bond strengths and reactivity compared with sulfur or selenium.

Te–C bonds are relatively weak and can undergo cleavage and radical processes. Organotellurium species exhibit a range of reactivity, acting as nucleophiles or electrophiles depending on substitution and oxidation state. Common methods to prepare R–Te–R' include alkylation or arylation of tellurium halides (for example TeCl4) with organolithium or Grignard reagents, as well as transmetalation from organometallic precursors. Oxidation can generate telluroxides or higher-valent tellurium species.

Applications are mainly in organic synthesis as tellurium-transfer reagents and as precursors to tellurium-containing catalysts and materials. Some diaryl tellurides and telluroethers serve as intermediates in natural product synthesis and in studies of electronic or photophysical properties that leverage tellurium’s heavy-atom effects.

Safety: Tellurium compounds can be toxic and often have strong odors. Many are air- or moisture-sensitive and require appropriate handling, ventilation, and protective equipment. Waste disposal follows regulatory guidance due to potential environmental hazards.

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