Organophosphorés

Organophosphorés, often referred to as organophosphates, are a class of synthetic organic compounds containing phosphorus. They are characterized by the presence of a phosphorus atom bonded to oxygen atoms and organic groups. Many organophosphorés are known for their potent insecticidal properties, and they were widely developed and used as replacements for earlier, more toxic pesticides like organochlorines.

The mechanism of action for many insecticidal organophosphorés involves inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. This enzyme is crucial for breaking down acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter in the nervous system. When acetylcholinesterase is inhibited, acetylcholine accumulates, leading to overstimulation of nerve cells, paralysis, and ultimately death in insects. This same mechanism can also affect non-target organisms, including humans, if exposure is significant.

While their use in agriculture has declined in some regions due to toxicity concerns and the availability of newer alternatives, some organophosphorés are still employed in pest control. They can be found in various formulations, including liquids, granules, and dusts. Exposure can occur through ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact. Symptoms of organophosphate poisoning in humans can range from mild effects like nausea and dizziness to severe neurological symptoms and respiratory failure. Due to their potential toxicity, strict regulations govern their production, sale, and application. Research continues to explore less toxic alternatives and safer application methods.