Orgaanellide

Orgaanellide are specialized subunits within eukaryotic cells that perform specific functions. The term "organelle" literally means "little organ." These structures are enclosed by at least one biological membrane and are vital for the cell's survival and operation.

Key organelles include the nucleus, which houses the cell's genetic material and controls its activities. The mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. The endoplasmic reticulum, a network of membranes, plays a role in protein and lipid synthesis. The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris. Peroxisomes are involved in metabolic processes, including the breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification. Chloroplasts, found in plant cells and some algae, are responsible for photosynthesis. Ribosomes, though not membrane-bound, are also considered organelles and are responsible for protein synthesis. Vacuoles, particularly prominent in plant cells, store water, nutrients, and waste products. The cytoskeleton, a network of protein filaments and tubules, provides structural support, maintains cell shape, and facilitates cell movement.