Operaatiovahvistimen

An operational amplifier, often called an op-amp, is a direct-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input and, usually, a single-ended output. An op-amp is typically used in conjunction with feedback components such as resistors and capacitors to perform a wide variety of analog operations. It is a key component in many analog electronic circuits, including amplifiers, filters, integrators, differentiators, and oscillators.

The ideal op-amp has infinite open-loop gain, infinite input impedance, zero output impedance, infinite bandwidth, and zero voltage offset. In practice, op-amps deviate from these ideal characteristics, but their behavior is often well approximated by the ideal model for many applications. The output voltage of an op-amp is the difference between the voltage at its two input terminals multiplied by the open-loop gain.

Op-amps are widely used in signal processing, control systems, and power supplies. Their versatility and relatively low cost have made them indispensable in modern electronics. By strategically using external components like resistors and capacitors, op-amps can be configured to perform complex mathematical operations on input signals, earning them the name "operational amplifier." The specific configuration determines the function of the circuit, such as amplification, filtering, or integration.