Onygenaceae

Onygenaceae is a family of fungi in the order Onygenales, within the phylum Ascomycota. The group is diverse and studied primarily in the fields of mycology, pathology, and ecology. Members are generally characterized by their ability to grow on keratin-rich substrates and to form distinctive fruiting bodies, though morphological traits vary among genera.

Ecology and biology

Many Onygenaceae species are keratinophilic, able to utilize keratin from skin, hair, and nails as a nutrient source. They occupy a range of environments, including soil, animal habitats, and keratin-rich substrates such as decaying hair or feathers. The family includes saprotrophs as well as dermatophytes, a subset important for human and animal health. Dermatophytic members are notable for causing superficial infections of the skin, hair, and nails, transmitted through contact with infected individuals, animals, or contaminated materials. The infections are generally localized, though immune status and species involved can influence severity.

Taxonomy and genera

Onygenaceae contains several genera, with Onygena serving as the type genus. The circumscription of genera within the family has evolved with molecular phylogenetic studies, and historical classifications have shifted as relationships among fungi in Onygenales have been refined. Consequently, the precise composition of Onygenaceae has changed over time, and some taxa once placed in this family have been reassigned to other groups.

Clinical and ecological relevance

Due to the presence of dermatophyte species, Onygenaceae has medical significance in the study and treatment of superficial fungal infections. In ecology, its keratin-degrading members contribute to nutrient cycling in keratin-rich environments.

See also

Onygenales, dermatophytes, keratinophilic fungi.