Onpsykoosi

Onpsykoosi is a Finnish medical term used to describe psychosis, a mental state in which a person loses contact with reality. It is not a single diagnosis but a set of symptoms that can arise from various psychiatric or medical conditions. Core features typically include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking or speech, abnormal or agitated behavior, and impaired functioning. Negative symptoms such as reduced affect and social withdrawal may also be present.

Onpsykoosi can occur in several contexts. Primary psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia spectrum disorders and schizoaffective disorder, often present with psychotic symptoms that persist for weeks or months. Psychosis can also accompany mood disorders, particularly bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder with psychotic features. Substance-induced psychosis may result from intoxication or withdrawal from drugs such as cannabis, amphetamines, or alcohol. Medical conditions (for example, delirium, central nervous system infections, metabolic disturbances) can also cause psychotic symptoms, necessitating medical evaluation to rule out reversible causes.

Diagnosis is clinical and based on criteria from systems like DSM-5 or ICD-11, supplemented by medical history, physical examination, and investigations to exclude organic causes. Treatment aims to reduce psychotic symptoms, prevent relapse, and address underlying conditions. This often involves antipsychotic medication, psychosocial interventions (including cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis and family education), and support for daily functioning. In severe cases, hospitalization or crisis intervention may be required.

Prognosis varies widely and depends on the underlying diagnosis, duration of untreated psychosis, treatment response, and comorbid conditions. Early detection and comprehensive care improve long-term outcomes.