Onge

Onge, also spelled Ongee, are an indigenous people of the Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal, India. They are one of the island groups collectively known as the Andamanese and have inhabited the region for thousands of years. Traditionally, the Onge lived as hunter-gatherers in the forests of Little Andaman Island, moving across the landscape to exploit forest resources such as tubers, fruits, honey, and small game.

Language and classification

The Onge language is part of the Andamanese language group and is considered endangered. It is not related to the major Indian languages, and today only a small number of elderly speakers remain. The language is a key element of Onge cultural identity and has been the focus of linguistic and anthropological study.

Population and territory

The Onge population is small, comprising only a few hundred individuals in the modern era. They traditionally resided in forested interior areas of Little Andaman Island, with lifestyles adapted to a nomadic foraging economy. In contemporary times, their communities receive protection under government policies aimed at preserving indigenous cultures and traditional lifeways.

History and contemporary status

External contact increased during the colonial period, bringing diseases and social disruption that contributed to population declines. The Onge are now recognized by the Government of India as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG). Modern policy emphasizes health protection, restricted access to their homeland, and limited outside contact to safeguard their communities while supporting essential services.

Cultural continuity

Despite pressures from outside contact and modernization, the Onge retain elements of their traditional social organization, foraging practices, and oral traditions. Ongoing efforts aim to document and protect their language, heritage, and way of life.