Oljetyper

Oljetyper refers to the different categories of oils, distinguished by their origin, composition, and intended use. The term spans edible cooking oils, lubricants for machinery, fuels, and various industrial fluids. Understanding the type of oil helps determine its nutritional value, safety, performance, and environmental impact.

Edible oils are derived from plants, seeds, nuts, and animal fats. They are classified by fatty acid composition (saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated) and by processing method (unrefined or refined). Properties such as smoke point, flavor, and shelf stability influence culinary use. Common examples include olive, canola, and sunflower oils, with butter and lard representing animal fats.

Lubricating and industrial oils include base oils and finished products. Base oils come from mineral, synthetic (such as PAO or ester), or bio-based sources. They are specified by viscosity grades (for example, SAE grades) and by performance standards for engines, hydraulics, gears, or turbines. Additives improve wear protection, oxidation resistance, and cleanliness.

In the petroleum industry, crude oils are classified by properties such as API gravity (light, medium, heavy), sulfur content (sweet versus sour), and viscosity. These factors determine processing pathways, refining yield, and suitability for fuels or feedstocks.

Other oil types include silicone, fluorinated, and ester oils used in cosmetics, electronics, or aerospace, often chosen for high temperature stability or electrical insulation. Increasing use of bio-based oils seeks sustainability and reduced dependence on fossil feedstocks.