Oksihapot

Oksihapot, also known as oxyacids or oxoacids, are chemical compounds that contain at least one hydroxyl group (-OH) bonded to a central atom, which is itself bonded to one or more oxygen atoms. In simpler terms, they are acids containing oxygen. The acidic nature of an oksihappo arises from the ability of the hydrogen atom in the hydroxyl group to dissociate as a proton (H+).

The properties of oksihapot vary widely depending on the central atom and the number of oxygen atoms. Generally, as the number of oxygen atoms bonded to the central atom increases, while the number of hydroxyl groups remains constant, the acidity of the compound increases. This is because the additional electronegative oxygen atoms pull electron density away from the O-H bond, making the hydrogen more easily released.

Common examples of oksihapot include sulfuric acid (H2SO4), nitric acid (HNO3), and phosphoric acid (H3PO4). These are all strong acids. Carboxylic acids, such as acetic acid (CH3COOH), are also considered oksihapot, although they are generally weaker acids. The study of oksihapot is fundamental to inorganic and organic chemistry, as they are involved in numerous chemical reactions and are essential components in various industrial processes and biological systems.