Oksidatiotila

Oksidatiotila, also known as oxidation state or oxidation number, is a conceptual tool used in chemistry to describe the degree of oxidation of an atom in a substance. It represents the hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all its bonds to atoms of different elements were fully ionic. It is not a true charge, but rather a bookkeeping device to track electron transfer in chemical reactions.

The oxidation state of an atom is indicated by a signed integer. Positive oxidation states indicate that an atom has lost electrons (is oxidized), while negative oxidation states indicate that an atom has gained electrons (is reduced). Elements in their elemental form, such as O2 or Fe, have an oxidation state of zero.

There are a set of rules used to assign oxidation states. For example, oxygen typically has an oxidation state of -2, except in peroxides where it is -1 and when bonded to fluorine. Hydrogen generally has an oxidation state of +1 when bonded to nonmetals and -1 when bonded to metals. The sum of the oxidation states of all atoms in a neutral molecule is zero, and in a polyatomic ion, it equals the charge of the ion. Understanding oxidation states is crucial for balancing redox reactions and comprehending the chemical behavior of elements and compounds.