Okinawa

Okinawa Prefecture is the southernmost prefecture of Japan, located in the East China Sea and comprising the Ryukyu Islands, including the main island of Okinawa. The capital and largest city is Naha. The prefecture contains hundreds of islands, with a subtropical climate characterized by warm summers and mild winters, abundant coral reefs, and clear seas that support tourism and fishing.

Historically, the area developed as the independent Ryukyu Kingdom, a center of maritime trade with China, Korea, and Southeast Asia. In 1609 the Satsuma Domain of Japan annexed the kingdom, and Okinawa became part of Japan’s empire. After World War II, the islands were occupied by the United States and were returned to Japan in 1972.

Economically, Okinawa relies heavily on tourism, hospitality, and the military presence. Visitors are drawn to beaches, water sports, and cultural sites, while agriculture produces sugar cane, pineapples, and citrus. A significant U.S. military presence remains, with bases that directly affect the local economy and land use, including Kadena Air Base.

Culturally, the prefecture preserves unique Ryukyuan heritage, including languages, traditional music, dance such as eisa, and karate, which originated in Okinawa. Okinawa hosts UNESCO World Heritage-listed Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu, which encompasses historic fortifications like Shuri Castle and related ruins.

Okinawa is a popular destination for both domestic and international travelers and continues to navigate issues related to land use, environment, and relationships between the prefectural government, residents, and U.S. bases.