Oivallusoppiminen

Oivallusoppiminen, also known as insight learning, is a concept in psychology that describes a sudden and novel understanding of a problem or situation. It is characterized by an "aha!" moment where the solution appears spontaneously, often after a period of incubation or deliberate effort. This type of learning is distinct from trial-and-error or rote memorization, as it involves a cognitive restructuring of the problem elements.

The process of oivallusoppiminen often involves perceiving the relationships between different parts of a problem and then integrating them into a coherent whole. It is thought to occur when an individual moves from perceiving individual elements to understanding the overall structure and the connections within it. This can happen after a period of frustration or when one has stepped away from the problem, allowing the subconscious mind to work on it.

Early research on oivallusoppiminen was conducted by psychologists like Wolfgang Köhler, who studied ape behavior. His experiments demonstrated that chimpanzees could solve problems, such as reaching bananas placed out of reach, by suddenly understanding how to use available tools like sticks or boxes. This suggested that learning could occur not just through external reinforcement but through internal cognitive shifts. Oivallusoppiminen emphasizes the role of perception and understanding in problem-solving and learning.