Oikeushenkilöasema

Oikeushenkilöasema refers to the legal status of a juridical person or legal entity in Finnish law. A juridical person is an entity that the law recognizes as having rights and obligations separate from its members or owners. This means it can enter into contracts, own property, sue, and be sued in its own name. Common examples of juridical persons include limited liability companies (osakeyhtiö), cooperatives (osuuskunta), and foundations (säätiö).

The establishment of a juridical person typically requires a formal registration process, such as with the Finnish Patent and Registration Office. Once registered, the entity gains legal personality, which is the core of its oikeushenkilöasema. This status is crucial for conducting business, managing assets, and participating in legal proceedings. The rights and responsibilities of a juridical person are defined by the specific legislation governing its type, as well as general principles of Finnish civil and corporate law.

The separation of the juridical person from its individuals ensures limited liability for its owners or members, meaning their personal assets are generally protected from the entity's debts and obligations. Conversely, the juridical person is responsible for its own liabilities. The termination of a juridical person also follows specific legal procedures to ensure all its affairs are settled and its oikeushenkilöasema is properly dissolved.