Objektive

Objektive is the plural form of Objektiv, a term used in German and other languages to refer to optical lenses that form images in instruments such as cameras, microscopes, and telescopes. In English, the general term is objective lens, and this article covers common uses across optical instruments.

In photography, Objektive are designed to be interchangeable on compatible camera bodies and are specified by focal length, maximum aperture, and optical design. Focal lengths categorize lenses as standard, wide-angle, telephoto, or macro. Lenses may contain multiple glass elements and groups arranged to correct aberrations. Modern Objektive often include anti-reflective coatings and aspheric elements, and may incorporate image stabilization and electronic communication with the camera. Mounts and compatibility vary by system.

In microscopy, Objektive refer to the objective lenses mounted on a rotating nosepiece. They determine magnification and numerical aperture and are designed to provide color correction and a flat field. Common classes include achromat, plan, and apochromat objectives. Magnifications typically range from 4x to 100x, and immersion objectives use oil or water to increase numerical aperture for higher resolution.

In astronomy and telescope design, the telescope objective (in refracting instruments) is the primary lens that collects light and forms the initial image. Its focal length and aperture determine brightness and resolving power. Objectives are produced in designs such as achromatic or apochromatic types to reduce chromatic aberration and to suit various fields of view and observing needs.

Across contexts, Objektive are core optical components that translate light into an image, balancing brightness, sharpness, and field coverage.