Nöroprostetik

Nöroprostetik, also known as neuroprosthetics, refers to the field of science and engineering that develops devices or systems intended to restore or augment lost motor or sensory functions. These devices interact with the nervous system, either by bypassing damaged neural pathways or by directly stimulating neural tissue. The goal is to replace or improve the function of a body part or a sensory organ that has been impaired due to injury, disease, or congenital defect.

The technology encompasses a wide range of applications. In the realm of motor function restoration, neuroprosthetic devices can include advanced prosthetic limbs that respond to neural signals from the user's brain or residual nerves. These might allow for more natural and intuitive control of movement compared to traditional prosthetics. For individuals with paralysis, neuroprosthetic systems are being developed to stimulate muscles directly, enabling movement of limbs that are no longer controlled by the brain.

Sensory restoration is another significant area. Cochlear implants are a well-established example of neuroprosthetics, restoring a sense of hearing to individuals with severe hearing loss. Retinal implants are being developed to restore partial vision to those with certain forms of blindness by stimulating the retina or the visual cortex. Research is also ongoing into brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) that can translate brain activity into commands for external devices, potentially allowing for communication or control of prosthetic limbs through thought alone. The development of nöroprostetik involves a multidisciplinary approach, drawing expertise from neuroscience, biomedical engineering, materials science, and computer science.