Nyishi

The Nyishi are an indigenous ethnic group of India, primarily inhabiting the central and eastern parts of Arunachal Pradesh. They form the largest tribal community in the state, with settlements across districts such as Papum Pare, East Siang, West Siang, Lower Subansiri, and Upper Subansiri.

Language and identity: The Nyishi speak Nyishi, a Tani language in the Sino-Tibetan family. It has several dialects, and many speakers are bilingual in other regional languages and English or Hindi. The term Nyishi is how outsiders typically refer to the people, while the language and customs are central to their cultural identity.

Culture and economy: Traditionally agrarian, the Nyishi practice shifting cultivation (jhum) and small-scale farming alongside horticulture and fishery. They grow rice, millet, maize, and pulses, and keep livestock. Weaving, beadwork, and wood carving are common crafts, contributing to dress, adornment, and village objects. Social life centers on kinship and clan networks, with customary practices and village councils guiding community affairs.

Religion and beliefs: Donyi-Polo, a sun-and-moon worship tradition, has long been practiced among many Nyishi, with reverence for ancestors and spirits integrated into daily life. Christian missionary activity in the 20th century led to the growth of Christian communities among the Nyishi, alongside continued practice of traditional beliefs among others.

Festivals: Nyokum (also known as Nyokum Yullo) is a major cultural festival for the Nyishi, celebrating harvest and community well-being with dances, songs, and rituals. The festival underscores social solidarity and the continuity of traditional practices amid changing times.