Nyiragongos

Nyiragongos is a massive stratovolcano located in the Virunga Mountains, a chain of volcanoes in the Albertine Rift, part of the East African Rift. It is situated in the Democratic Republic of Congo, approximately 25 kilometers north of the city of Goma and Lake Kivu. Nyiragongos is renowned for its exceptionally fluid lava, which can travel at high speeds down its slopes.

The volcano is most famous for its persistent lava lake, which is one of the largest and most active in the world. This lava lake, when active, is a spectacular sight and a significant hazard. The summit crater is typically about 2 kilometers wide and 1.2 kilometers deep. Inside, a smaller crater holds the lava lake.

Nyiragongos has erupted frequently throughout history, with notable eruptions occurring in 1977, 2002, and 2021. The 1977 eruption saw lava flow at speeds up to 60 km/h, reaching Goma and destroying a significant portion of the city. The 2002 eruption was also very destructive, with lava flows again engulfing parts of Goma and impacting thousands of people. The most recent significant eruption in May 2021 caused widespread panic and displacement as lava flowed towards Goma, though it stopped short of the city center.

The frequent and often violent eruptions pose a substantial threat to the densely populated areas surrounding the volcano, particularly Goma. The volcanic activity is closely monitored by scientists, and early warning systems are in place to help mitigate the risks to the local population.