Nuthosidae

Nuthosidae is a family of small, nocturnal, burrowing mammals native to Australia. They are part of the order Peramelemorphia, which also includes bilbies and bandicoots. Nuthosidae consists of two extant species: the eastern pygmy possum (Cercartetus nanus) and the western pygmy possum (Cercartetus lepidus). These animals are characterized by their small size, typically weighing between 10 to 20 grams, and their long, bushy tails, which are often used for balance while burrowing.

The eastern pygmy possum is found in the eastern and southeastern parts of Australia, while the western pygmy possum inhabits the southwestern region. Both species are known for their burrowing habits, creating complex networks of tunnels and chambers in the soil. Their diet primarily consists of insects and other small invertebrates, which they forage for in their burrows.

Nuthosidae are solitary animals, with the exception of brief periods during the breeding season. They are crepuscular, meaning they are most active during dawn and dusk. The breeding season varies by region, but it generally occurs during the summer months. Females typically give birth to a single young after a gestation period of about 14 days.

Despite their small size, Nuthosidae play an important role in their ecosystems by controlling insect populations. However, they are threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation due to human activities such as agriculture and urban development. Conservation efforts are underway to protect these species and their habitats.