Numrat

Numrat is the Albanian word for numbers. In mathematics, numbers are abstract objects that represent quantity, order, and measurement. They are used to count objects, compare magnitudes, and perform calculations, and they provide the foundation for most mathematical theories as well as everyday activities.

Numbers are commonly categorized into several classes. Natural numbers are used for counting and typically start at 1, though some conventions include zero. Integers extend natural numbers to include zero and their negative counterparts. Rational numbers include fractions and numbers that can be expressed as a ratio of two integers. Irrational numbers cannot be written as a simple fraction and have non-repeating, non-terminating decimal expansions. Real numbers comprise all rational and irrational numbers. Complex numbers take the form a + bi, combining a real part with an imaginary part.

Historically, early counting relied on simple tally marks and later on various numeral systems. The Hindu–Arabic numeral system, with place-value notation and the concept of zero, enabled efficient computation and became standard in arithmetic and science after its transmission to the Western world in the Middle Ages. Modern computing extends these ideas to binary and other base representations for processing data.

In education and daily life, numrat appear in arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and statistics, as well as in digital technologies where numeric data drive software and hardware. The study of numrat continues to be central to mathematics, science, engineering, and many aspects of culture.