Nukleofiils
Nukleofiils (nucleophiles) are chemical species that donate an electron pair to an electrophile to form a chemical bond. They are typically electron-rich and can carry a negative charge, possess lone pairs, or have π electrons that can be donated to electron-poor centers.
Common nukleofiils include hydroxide (OH−), alkoxides (RO−), cyanide (CN−), thiolates (RS−), amines (R3N), enolates, and halide
Most nucleophilic reactions occur in substitution or addition mechanisms. In SN2, a strong nukleofiil attacks the
Solvent effects are significant. In polar protic solvents, nucleophilicity often increases with polarizability and down a