Notatsiya

Notatsiya is a term used in several languages to denote a system of signs, symbols, and rules designed to record information within a specific domain. As a general concept, notation enables precise, compact communication by translating ideas, operations, or data into standardized representations that can be read and manipulated by people or machines. The word is typically derived from Latin nota, meaning mark or sign, and is used across disciplines to describe the conventions that govern how information is written and interpreted.

In music, notation uses a staff, notes, rests, and miscellaneous symbols to indicate pitch, duration, articulation, dynamics, and expression. In mathematics and logic, notation encompasses symbols and syntax for expressing operations, relations, functions, sets, and proofs; standard conventions enable clear reasoning and automated processing. In linguistics, phonetic and orthographic notations (such as the International Phonetic Alphabet) capture pronunciation and transliteration in a systematic form. In computer science and formal sciences, notation includes algorithms, formal grammars, and programming languages, which function as executable or interpretable representations of procedures and computations. Chemistry, physics, and other sciences likewise rely on specialized symbolic notations to convey complex ideas succinctly.

Historically, notation systems evolved to improve communication: early musical notation emerged in medieval Europe; algebraic and mathematical notations developed over several centuries; the 19th and 20th centuries saw advances in formal notation for logic and science, followed by the digital era with programming languages and formal specifications. Notation thus underpins education, research, and technical work by providing universally interpretable representations of ideas.