Normocytose

Normocytose, or normocytosis, is a hematologic term describing red blood cells (RBCs) that are normal in size. It is defined by a normal mean corpuscular volume (MCV), typically about 80 to 100 femtoliters in adults. The presence of normocytosis indicates RBC size is not reduced or enlarged, but it does not by itself indicate a specific disease.

Normocytic patterns are often seen in normocytic anemia, where the hemoglobin level is low while the MCV remains within the normal range. This pattern is common in a variety of conditions, including acute blood loss, anemia of chronic disease, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, and renal insufficiency. In contrast, macrocytosis (enlarged cells) and microcytosis (smaller cells) point to different etiologies.

Diagnosis relies on a complete blood count to confirm a normal MCV and reduced hemoglobin, followed by a peripheral blood smear to evaluate cell morphology. Additional tests may include reticulocyte count to assess marrow response, iron studies (ferritin, iron, transferrin saturation), vitamin B12 and folate levels, renal function, and inflammatory markers. In some cases, bone marrow examination is warranted.

Causes are broadly categorized as decreased production, increased destruction, or blood loss. Decreased production includes marrow failure or certain malignancies; increased destruction includes hemolysis; blood loss may be acute or chronic. Management targets the underlying cause. Iron therapy is not indicated unless iron deficiency is proven, and transfusion may be needed for symptomatic anemia or severe cases. Treatment may involve addressing inflammation, kidney disease, or marrow failure, with supportive care as appropriate.

Prognosis depends on the underlying condition. Normocytose itself describes cell size, while outcomes reflect the primary disorder.